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Customize how data is formatted

There are many ways to customize how data is formatted when presented to the end user.

Side note: Code snippets (lines starting with >>>) in this document get tested as part of our development workflow. The following initialization snippet tells you which demo project is being used in this document.

>>> import lino
>>> lino.startup('lino_book.projects.min1.settings')
>>> from django.utils import translation
>>> from lino.api.doctest import *
>>> from django.db.models import Q
class lino.core.model.Model
__str__(self)

Return a translatable text that describes this database row.

as_paragraph(self, ar)

Return a safe HTML string that represents this database row as a paragraph.

See Represent a row depending on the context.

This is called by the default implementation of lino.core.actors.Actor.row_as_paragraph().

as_summary_item(self, ar, text=None, **kwargs)

Return a HTML element that represents this database row in a data window in display mode “summary”.

Default implementation returns ar.obj2html.

Examples see The summary display mode.

preferred_foreignkey_width = None

The default preferred width (in characters) of widgets that display a foreign key to this model.

If not specified, the default default preferred_width for ForeignKey fields is 20.

set_widget_options(self, name, **options)

Set default values for the widget options of a given element.

get_overview_elems(self, ar)

Return a list of HTML elements to be shown in overview field.

Customize the summary item

class lino.core.actors.Actor
row_template

This string will be parsed by calling its format() method with one keyword argument row, which refers to the database row being represented.

Example:

class RatingsByResponse(ChallengeRatings):
    ...
    row_template = '{row.rating}/{row.challenge.max_rating} {row.challenge.skill}'

Represent a row depending on the context

The Model class has three methods used to represent a database row.

  • as_summary_item represents it as a summary item.

  • as_paragraph represents it as a single paragraph.

  • as_page represents it as a whole web page.

Both methods require an action request as argument, and the result may vary depending on this action request. For example a partner model of a given application may want to also show the city of a partner unless city is an obvious field:

def as_summary_item(self, ar, *text, **kwargs):
    s = ar.obj2htmls(self)
    if self.city and not ar.is_obvious_field("city"):
        s = format_html("{} from {}", s, ar.obj2htmls(self.city))
    return s
obvious field

A field for which the value is the same for alll rows of a table.

Default implementation returns ar.obj2htmls(self) or (when ar is None) str(self).

The returned HTML string should contain a single paragraph and must not include any surrounding <li> or <p> or <td> tag (these will be added by the caller as needed).

>>> ar = rt.login("robin")
>>> hans = contacts.Person.objects.all().first()
>>> hans.as_paragraph(ar)
'<a href="…">Mr Hans Altenberg</a> (Aachener Straße, 4700 Eupen)'
>>> robin = ar.get_user()
>>> robin.as_paragraph(ar)
'<a href="…">Robin Rood</a>'

Lino usually doesn’t call this method directly, it mostly calls the row_as_paragraph method of a data table, and this method, by default, calls our model method. The following two calls give the same results as the former ones:

>>> contacts.Persons.row_as_paragraph(ar, hans)
'<a href="…">Mr Hans Altenberg</a> (Aachener Straße, 4700 Eupen)'
>>> users.Users.row_as_paragraph(ar, robin)
'<a href="…">Robin Rood</a>'

You can customize this by overriding either the model or the data table.

For example, lino.modlib.users.UsersOverview customizes the data table:

@classmethod
def row_as_paragraph(cls, ar, self):
    pv = dict(username=self.username)
    if settings.SITE.is_demo_site:
        pv.update(password="1234")
    btn = rt.models.about.About.get_action_by_name("sign_in")
    btn = btn.request(
        action_param_values=pv, renderer=settings.SITE.kernel.default_renderer
    )
    btn = btn.ar2button(label=self.username)
    items = [tostring(btn), " : ", str(self), ", ", str(self.user_type)]
    if self.language:
        items += [
            ", ",
            "<strong>{}</strong>".format(
                settings.SITE.LANGUAGE_DICT.get(self.language)
            ),
        ]
    return mark_safe("".join(items))

That’s why we get:

>>> users.UsersOverview.row_as_paragraph(ar, robin)
... 
'<a href="javascript:Lino.about.About.sign_in.run(null,{
&quot;base_params&quot;: {  }, &quot;field_values&quot;: { &quot;password&quot;:
&quot;&quot;, &quot;username&quot;: &quot;robin&quot; }, &quot;record_id&quot;:
null })" style="text-decoration:none">robin</a> : Robin Rood, 900
(Administrator), <strong>English</strong>'

There is also a shortcut method row_as_paragraph on an action request.

Customize the title of an actor

class lino.core.actors.Actor
label

The text to appear e.g. on a button that will call the default action of an actor. This attribute is not inherited to subclasses. If this is None (the default value), Lino will call get_actor_label().

get_title(self, ar)

Return the title of this actor for the given action request ar.

The default implementation calls get_title_base() and get_title_tags() and returns a string of type BASE [ (TAG, TAG…)].

Override this if your table’s title should mention for example filter conditions. See also Table.get_title.

get_actor_label(self)

Return the label of this actor.

title

The text to appear e.g. as window title when the actor’s default action has been called. If this is not set, Lino will use the label as title.

button_text

The text to appear on buttons of a ShowSlaveTable action for this actor.

get_title_base(self, ar)

Return the base part of the title. This should be a translatable string. This is called by get_title() to construct the actual title.

It is also called by lino.core.dashboard.DashboardItem.render_request()

get_title_tags(self, ar)

Yield a list of translatable strings to be added to the base part of the title. This is called by get_title() to construct the actual title.

Customize actor methods and attributes

class lino.core.actors.Actor
detail_layout

Define the layout to use for the detail window. Actors with detail_layout will get a show_detail action.

When you define a detail_layout, you will probably also want to define an insert_layout.

See More about layouts.

insert_layout

Define the form layout to use for the insert window.

If there’s a detail_layout but no insert_layout, the table won’t have any (+) button (insert) to create a new row via a dialog window, but users can still create rows by writing into the phantom row. Example of this is lino_xl.lib.courses.Topics which has a detail layout with slave tables, but the model itself has only two fields (id and name) and it makes no sense to have an insert window.

classmethod get_row_classes(self, ar)

If a method of this name is defined on an actor, then it must be a class method which takes an ar as single argument and returns either None or a string “red”, “green” or “blue” (todo: add more colors and styles). Example:

@classmethod
def get_row_classes(cls,obj,ar):
    if obj.client_state == ClientStates.newcomer:
        return 'green'

Defining this method will cause an additional special RowClassStoreField field in the lino.core.Store objects of this actor.

details_of_master_template

Used to build the title of a request on this table when it is a slave table (i.e. master is not None). The default value is defined as follows:

details_of_master_template = _("%(details)s of %(master)s")
display_mode

The default display mode to use when rendering this table.

See More about display modes.

window_size = None

Set this to a tuple of (height, width) to have this actor display in a modal non-maximized window.

  • height must be either an integer expressing a number of rows or the string “auto”. If it is auto, then the window should not contain any v-flexible component.

  • width must be either an integer expressing a number of rows or a string of style “90%”.

    Note that a relative width will be converted to a number of pixels when the window is rendered for the first time. That is, if you close the window, resize your browser window and reopen the same window, you will get the old size.

insert_layout_width = 60

When specifying an insert_layout using a simple a multline string, then Lino will instantiate a FormPanel with this width.

hide_window_title = False

This is set to True e.h. in home pages (e.g. lino_welfare.modlib.pcsw.models.Home).

hide_headers = False

Set this to True in order to hide the column headers.

This is ignored when the table is rendered in an ExtJS grid.

hide_top_toolbar = False

Whether a Detail Window should have navigation buttons, a “New” and a “Delete” buttons. In ExtJS UI also influences the title of a Detail Window to specify only the current element without prefixing the Tables’s title.

If used in a grid view in React will remove the top toolbar and selection tools.

This option is True in lino.models.SiteConfigs, lino_welfare.pcsw.models.Home, lino.modlib.users.desktop.MySettings, lino_xl.cal.CalenderView.

simple_slavegrid_header

Whether to simplify the slave grid in a detail.

This is used only in lino.modlib.comments.RepliesByComment and should probably be replaced by something else.

preview_limit

The maximum number of rows to fetch when this table is being displayed in “preview mode”, i.e. (1) as a slave table in a detail window or (2) as a dashboard item (get_dashboard_items) in admin_main.html.

The default value for this is the preview_limit class attribute of your Site, which itself has a hard-coded default value of 15 and which you can override in your settings.py.

If you set this to 0, preview requests for this table will request all rows. Since preview tables usually have no paging toolbar, that’s theoretically what we want (but can lead to waste of performance if there are many rows). When this is 0, there will be no no paginator.

In React if set to 0 the paging toolbar which usually is present in the detail view, will be removed, as it has no use, as all rows will be displayed.

Test case and description in the tested docs of Lino Così.

For non-table actors this is always None.

help_text = None

A help text that shortly explains what the default action of this actor does. In a graphical user interface this will be rendered as a tooltip text.

If this is not given by the code, Lino will potentially set it at startup when loading the help_texts.py files.

summary_row(cls, ar, obj, **kw)

Return a HTML representation of the given data row obj for usage in a summary panel.

The default implementation calls lino.core.model.Model.summary_row().

React-specific actor attributes

class lino.core.actors.Actor
use_detail_param_panel

Whether to show parameter panel in a detail view.

use_detail_params_value

Whether to use the parent’s parameter values in grid

Whether the quick search field should be rendered on a line on its own.

This is set to True only for contacts.Persons in Lino Amici and should probably be replaced by something else.

max_render_depth

This is not used.

paginator_template

Paginator elements can be customized using the template property using the predefined keys, default value is “FirstPageLink PrevPageLink PageLinks NextPageLink LastPageLink RowsPerPageDropdown”. Here are the available elements that can be placed inside a paginator.

FirstPageLink PrevPageLink PageLinks NextPageLink LastPageLink RowsPerPageDropdown CurrentPageReport

This is used only in lino.modlib.comments.RepliesByComment and should probably be replaced by something else.

hide_if_empty

Don’t show any DataTable at all when there is no data.

This is used only in lino.modlib.comments.RepliesByComment and should probably be replaced by something else.

Showing, hiding and formatting sums

class lino.core.actors.Actor
sum_text_column = 0

The index of the column that should hold the text to display on the totals row (returned by get_sum_text()).

get_sum_text(self, ar, sums)

Return the text to display on the totals row. The default implementation returns “Total (N rows)”.

Lino automatically assumes that you want a sum for every numeric field. Sometimes this is now waht you want. In that case you can say:

MyModel.set_widget_option('year", show_sum=False)

When a table has at least one column with a sum, Lino adds a “totals” line when printing the table. The first empty column in that line will receive a text “Total (9 rows)”. That text is customizable by overriding Actor.get_sum_text().

If you don’t want that text to appear in the first empty column, you can specify a value for Actor.sum_text_column. Usage example: the first screenshot below is without Actor.sum_text_column, the second is with sum_text_column set to 2:

../_images/sum_text_column_a.png ../_images/sum_text_column_b.png